![]() ![]() Chlorinated ethenes that are important groundwater contaminants include tetrachloroethene, or perchloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), dichloroethene (DCE)) (DCE, mainly two geometric isomers cis-1,2-dichloroethene and trans-1,2-dichloroethene), and vinyl chloride (VC). The most frequently encountered groundwater pollutants of this class include 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and 1,2-dichloroethane.Ĭhlorinated ethenes (also referred to as chlorinated ethylenes) also possess two carbon centers, but unlike chlorinated ethanes, these carbon atoms are joined by a carbon-carbon double bond. From the perspective of groundwater contamination, perhaps the most well-known chlorinated methanes are carbon tetrachloride (CT) or tetrachloromethane, trichloromethane (commonly known as chloroform (CF)), dichloromethane (DCM), or methylene chloride (MC) and chloromethane (CM), or methyl chloride.Ĭhlorinated ethanes consist of two carbon centers joined by a single covalent bond. They can be divided into three categories based on their structural characteristics: chlorinated methanes, chlorinated ethanes and chlorinated ethenes.Ĭhlorinated methanes represent the most structurally simple solvent class and consist of a single carbon center (known as a methyl carbon) to which as many as four chlorine atoms are bonded. They also have been used in a wide variety of other purposes such as adhesives, chemical intermediates, clothes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and textile processing.Ĭhlorinated solvents are organic compounds generally constructed of a simple hydrocarbon chain (typically one to three carbon atoms in length). Chlorinated solvents, including carbon tetrachloride (CT), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), perchloroethene or tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) have been among the most widely used cleaning and degreasing solvents in the U.S. produced about 2 billion pounds of chlorinated solvents each year. They were first produced in Germany in the 1800s, and widespread use in the United States (U.S.) began after World War II. Chlorinated Solvent Chemistry: Structures, Nomenclature and Properties Ĭhlorinated solvents are a large family of organic solvents that contain chlorine atoms in their molecular structure.Remediation Performance Assessment at Chlorinated Solvent SitesĬontributor(s): Dr.Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Chlorinated Solvents.Low pH Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination.Emulsified Vegetable Oil (EVO) for Anaerobic Bioremediation.Bioremediation - Anaerobic Design Considerations.
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